Thursday, October 31, 2019

A Quantitative Study of Nurse's Attitude toward Patient Advocacy Essay

A Quantitative Study of Nurse's Attitude toward Patient Advocacy Activities - Essay Example The paper highlights how blood-borne nosocomial infections, particularly Hepatitis C (HPC) were inadvertently transmitted to unsuspecting patients’ in some Nevada based Practices’ exclusively due to the unethical practice of reusing medical equipment meant for single use. The reporting of the incidence lead to an epidemiological investigation in the year 2008 by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), which brought the focus on two Las Vegas Clinics, where gross violations of the recommended protocols for single-use equipment had resulted in tragic consequences for most patients’. The paper highlights how nursing practitioners at these facilities were compromised and unable to indulge in healthy procedures due to organizational hierarchical failures and pressures from the top. At the same time, the paper focuses on the issue as and when it has cropped up in the nursing profession worldwide and the implications on patient safety. The report reveals the bottlenecks a nd the obstacles which a nursing practitioner encounters when she tries to bring forth issues on patient safety. ... to-patient transmission incidence in the State of Nevada, which was identified, reported and shortlisted to have occurred due to unethical practice in two particular healthcare facilities (Black, 2011). As the study was investigative in nature, the author was compromised on time as well as resources. However, she has prepared a well designed survey-based study in which she administered a well structured questionnaire to a fair-sized sample of Registered Nurses’ (RN’s) within the state of Nevada who were likely to come up with appropriate and statistically analyzable data for the report. As a background for the study, the author has cited literature which pinpoints to similar problems elsewhere in the world, particularly Australia, where NPs were compromised enough not to report issues related to patient safety out of fear of misaligned retribution or losing their jobs. The author, throughout her paper, has highlighted the constant fear which persistently gnaws at the ba ck of the mind of every NP, who remains in a catch-22 situation at all points of their professional career. While they have legal as well as moral compulsions for patient safety, the ultimate purpose of their professional activity, at the same time they have to fall in line with the professional guidelines issued by their immediate and other superiors in the healthcare facility where they are employed. The author shortlisted 1725 RN’s practicing within the state of Nevada, although the problem had surfaced exclusively due to malpractice at two endoscopy clinics in the southern part of the state. However, as the purpose was to inquire about the attitudinal state of NP’s, the author’s study design was appropriate as it intended to measure the general trend in NP attitude within the state. The

Monday, October 28, 2019

Physical books Essay Example for Free

Physical books Essay The answer to this question is a simple yes. We shall prove in our discussion why we have chosen this answer. With advances in technology the word ‘paper’ no longer implies a material made of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood. As we make further advances, we see that the definition of paper has changed. Physical books that were made of paper have morphed into digital copies called e-books that are available over various mediums of communication such as the Internet or even our very mobile phones. We know that everything has a certain shelf life and if continue to use it beyond that period we will cause ourselves harm, this is also true for physical paper books, time has come to move over the paper books and to enter the world of e-books. Two of the most important factors supporting the cause of the e-book are that it saves: 1. Time and 2. Money 1. Time: In this rapid moving world we are all constantly on the move and we require information immediately, with e-books we can find the information we want immediately. Money: We all want to save money; e-books will be available at only a fraction of the price of the paper books since it will be cheap for the publishers to produce and this benefit will in turn be passed on to the consumer. Reasons for decline of paper books and the popularity of e-books are obvious: 1. E-books can be view almost instantaneously: One can browse through the thousands of e-books available on the Internet by just typing the keywords and purchase the e-book we want by using our credit cards and download the e-book immediately, thus we are saving a lot of overhead costs. 2. E-books cheaper for the publisher to publish as various overhead costs are minimized: Various overheads costs such as huge and expensive printing machinery and their maintenance will disappear; also there will not be need of a large work force to manufacture e-books. 3. E-books cheaper for the consumer to purchase than physical paper books: Since the manufacturing costs of the publishers will be minimized, this will be passed down to the consumer. Thus the consumer will enjoy great savings. 4. E-books can reach a much larger audience worldwide: E-books can be launched instantaneously through out the world; there will be no waiting to buy our copy of the e-book. Also many times a physical paper book is not available in all parts of the world, but this will not be a problem with e-books. 5. E-books are environment friendly: Unlike physical books made from paper, which is derived from timber, e-books don’t need the resources of nature to be made. Thus we will be saving thousands of trees every year and thus reducing the greenhouse effect and making the earth a green place to live in. 6. We can have thousands e-books in our digital device: We can literally have thousands of e-books in our digital device such as a laptop or a computer. The number of e-books is only limited by the storage capacity of our computer or laptop. This is impossible with physical paper books. Can you imagine a person moving around with a library of paper books? But we can move around with our library of e-books on our laptop anywhere! Conclusion: We as humans should be ready to accept the change of books from the physical to the virtual. Are we truly ready to leave the paper copies of the great novels and instead view them as e-books? Some have even said that if we do this we’ll be disrespecting the great authors and poets, but as we wait, the world around us rapidly changing. In the end we may have no choice but to accept the e-book as it gains popularity and following every passing day. This it’s only a matter of time before the paper books are replaced by e-books. Thus we have observed and noted from the above examples that the books made of paper are on their way out and the time of the e-book has arrived. (Sam Kleinman 2007) Works Cited 1. ZATZ Publishing (2007) Print books vs. e-books by Sam Kleinman, page 1[last updated 2007] [Online] Available from: http://www. palmpower. com/issues/issue200206/ebook0602001. html 2. ZATZ Publishing (2007) ZATZ Publishing (2007) Print books vs. e-books by Sam Kleinman, page 2 [last updated 2007] [Online] Available from: http://www. palmpower. com/issues/issue200206/ebook0602002. html

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Pricing decisions as a management strategy

Pricing decisions as a management strategy Supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, price functions to equalise the quantity demanded to the quantity supplied. This results in an economic equilibrium. The Pricing decisions, deciding what to charge the customers may be based on the Marketing or Cost and management accounting. Pricing is one of the most difficult decisions faced by organisations. It is possible for management to foresee a profit squeeze (Horngren, Datar Foster, 2003). Pricing decisions are based on what to charge for the products and services organisations offer. These decisions have major impacts on the revenue an entity earns. This study is focused on pricing decisions as a management strategy. It will then discuss about costing (subset of management accounting) and its influence in pricing. Major changes have occurred in the business world in recent years, including deregulation, privatisation, the growing expectations of share holders and the impact of new technology (Atrill McLaney, 2009). These changes have led towards a fast changing and competitive environment, and this has radically changed the way that entities need to be managed. Managers must approach pricing decisions with care because of the significant impact they can have on the profitability of business (Drury, 2008). Management must approach pricing decisions with care because of the significant impact they can have on the profitability of an entity. Managers consider three main influences on pricing decisions: customers, competitors and costs. Managers tend to see the pricing issues through the customers eyes. Any increase in price may cause customers to reject an entitys product and switch to its competitors. In the current business environment, understanding customers prices and product preferences are a competitive advantage to any entity. Management can price dynamically to respond to demand, to create demand, to reduce waste and to turn over stock immediately. The reactions of competitors influence pricing too. Many companies globally, have established departments to search out information on its competitors financial performance, patents, technology and operating policies (Bhimani, 2008). Most companies price products to exceed the production costs (Alan, 2002). The surveys and case studie s reveal that executives weigh customers, competitors and costs differently. Price taking and price making Most entities need to make decisions about setting or accepting selling prices for their products or services. An entity will have to accept the market price under few circumstances. If there are entities in an industry and there is little to distinguish their product or service from each other then the management needs to consider price taking. Entities in commodity markets can be quoted as examples. Any small entity operating in an industry where there are dominant entities that influence prices then small entities will have to accept those prices. In contrast, if the entity is selling highly customized or differentiated products then they can influence the prices and be a price setter. Time horizons Short run and Long run Pricing decisions have both short run and long run implications. Pricing decisions in short run Short run pricing decisions include pricing for a onetime special offer. This can be an opportunity where an entity will have to bid against its competitors. In such a situation incremental costs of undertaking the order should be taken into account. Product mix could be adjusted where the incremental sales revenue exceeds incremental short run costs and will provide a contribution towards fixed costs. Pricing decisions in long run Long run decisions could include pricing a product in a major market where price setting has considerable leeway. Long run time horizon is mostly of a year or longer. Organisations are supposed to consider the long run implications since they commit their resources for a lengthy period of time. Long run decisions have a profound effect on the firms future position (Drury, 2008). Pricing decisions are more prominent since that is how organisations earn their revenues. Target costing and Life cycle costing are two of the strategies used by organisations in pricing. Target costing is the estimated price for a product or service that potential customers will pay. In other words, firms determine the allowable cost for the product or service, given a competitive market price, so the firm can earn a desired profit (Target cost = Competitive price Desired profit). Firms have two options to cut down costs to the level of target cost. It could be either by redesigning the product or service and or by integrating new manufacturing technology. While once managers focused only on manufacturing costs, they now look at cost upstream (before manufacturing: Research and development and design) and downstream (after manufacturing: marketing, distribution and customer service) in the product life cycle to get a complete analysis of product cost and profitability. Another long term pricing strategy is Life cycle costing. Typically, product or service costs are calculated and reported for shorter periods, such as a month or a year. Unlike the typical strategies Life cycle costing provides a long term perspective.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Drinking and Driving Essay -- Drunk Driving Alcohol DUI Influence Essa

Drunk driving is considered a serious crime in every state. It is wrong, irresponsible and wastes many lives. People who abuse alcohol hurt everyone around them, endanger public safety, and create carnage on the nation's highways. There is nothing positive that can come out of drunk driving, so why do people do it? It is society's job to punish these menaces and try to take control of this out of control issue. America doesn't want to watch idly as hundreds of people are killed each day. We want to take a stand and let the world know that we may be the 'land of the free and the brave' but there is nothing brave or free about driving drunk. What should be done about this problem is debatable and certainly open to discussion, but the first step is lowering the BAC (blood alcohol concentration) level from .10 to .08. Many states have already done this and I commend them on this decision, but the government needs to mandate this to all the states. Some people oppose this decision and sa y that it is based on 'emotion, personal vendettas, and irrational, sound public policy, nor backed up by statistical data.'( DWI Dilema, Internet source) However, I disagree. We need to send the message that it is not acceptable, nor is it constitutional to drive under any influence of alcohol, weather it be .08 or .20.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ?Drunken driving was once treated much as car accidents?a regrettable but unavoidable part of life on the roads. But a vocal grass-roots movement led my MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) persuaded much of the country, over two decades, to view it as a type of criminal negligence. Public patience with drunk drivers quickly grew thin as well-publicized death tolls mounted. ( Mishra, Internet source)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What exactly is drunk driving? This is a question that has yet to be answered. ?To determine the concentration of alcohol in the body at any given time, it is necessary to establish the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), which measures the percentage of alcohol in the blood. When a person consumes more alcohol than his or her body can immediately eliminate, alcohol accumulates in the bloodstream and the BAC rises.?(Henderson, 23) In Connecticut the BAC level is .08, this means that the blood alcohol level needed to be arrested for drunken driving has to be .08 or higher. ?One can also be convicted of drunk driving without the results of a blood alcoho... ...st charge of failure to appear carries the potential penalty of 1 year in jail and/or a $2,000 fine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America is not putting a deaf ear to the war on drunk driving. It is far from over, but every step we take to get it under control, is a step toward drying it up. Lowering the BAC level is just the first step, we still have a long journey ahead of us. Connecticut has taken a stand and been one of the twelve states to lower their legal BAC level to .08. I truly agree with this decision, and hope that other states will follow our lead. ?Strict criminal prosecution of alcohol-impaired drivers is the most effective deterrent in reducing the menace of alcohol-impaired driving.?(Henderson, 108) This battle isn?t just between people who are old enough to drive as well as drink. Teenagers, much like my self, are taking action against drunk driving. In Hamden High School we have a very active club called S.A.D.D.(Students against Drunk Driving) This club makes young people aware of the dangers of driving even after drinking small amounts of alcohol. This is an issue that i s not to be taken lightly, and it certainly isn?t. I just hope that one day, this issue will be non-existent.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Roger Federer

Roger Federer's fundamental needs, values, and orientation towards life are symbolized by the four astrological elements. Each person has their own unique balance of these four basic energies: fire (warmth, inspiration, enthusiasm), earth (practicality, realism, material interests), air (social and intellectual qualities), and water (emotional needs and feelings). Federer's â€Å"elemental make-up† is described below.Remember that most people are â€Å"unbalanced† or lopsided, and if Roger is lacking or deficient in a certain element (or elements), it simply means that he needs to consciously develop that particular aspect in order to appreciate and/or work harder in that dimension of life. Sometimes we overestimate the element that we are least endowed with, sensing it as a lack within ourselves, but more often we neglect or ignore it. The qualities described below will be reiterated and explained in more detail in the following pages.His life is likely to be full of e motional extremes, turbulence, joy and sorrow stemming from his own passionate nature and unpredictability. Roger Federer is impulsive and temperamental. For Roger, everything is intensely personal and colored by emotion. He may have difficulty viewing a situation from a detached, impartial or rational perspective, and he has little inclination to structure and order his life. However, fostering self-discipline, organization and focus is essential.Otherwise Roger Federer will be prone to extreme moodiness, alternating between lofty inspiration and despondency. At times, Roger Federer feels a great deal of internal pressure due to two of his dominant impulses which tend to conflict with one another. The desire for independence and freedom, the need for self-expression and ego recognition, and the urge to leave the past behind in order to propel himself into new experiences may clash with other, equally powerful needs – namely attachments to people and to the familiar, a compel ling urge for emotional closeness, and a desire for security.Balancing these two drives is a significant challenge for Federer. Even though his life may be less balanced and perhaps less stable than that of others, it is unlikely that Roger Federer would change it because he is very vibrant, sensitive and responsive to the ever-changing, dynamic quality of life. However, as you will read in the next chapter, Roger Federer has a sense of practical orientation and a certain down-to-earth approach, which helps to ground him somewhat.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

School Environment Essays

School Environment Essays School Environment Paper School Environment Paper Describe the School Environment (Observation Essay) Rondo Central Elementary School has a good environment. It is surrounded by many colorful ornamental plants and trees which are refreshing and nice to look at. As Ive entered the school, observed that the surroundings were clean and well-managed. We went to the principals office to have permission and a purpose that we would be conducting an observation. I noticed that the office was clean, floors properly polished and wings were well-arranged. When I went to the classroom, I observed many wall displays and learning materials such as charts and flash cards. It looked nice, attractive and suitable for the age group of the pupils. They also have mini-library consisting Of different kinds Of books which were in good condition and well-arranged in the cabinet rack. While walking on the school corridors, I observed that they have a school garden filled with vegetables of different kinds. It was well-managed with fences made of bamboo for protection. Their playground was wide suitable for motor activities of the pupils. They also have H. E room and Industrial Workshop Area which were clean and things are well-arranged. Then took a break and went to the canteen to have my snacks, I observed that their canteen was clean and foods being sold were nutritious. Classroom Facilities Matrix Classroom Facilities Description (location, number ,arrangements and conditions) Wall Displays There are many wall displays in the classroom such as pictures showing polite expressions, adding numbers and many more. It is in proper arrangement and in good condition. 2. Teachers Table There are two teachers table. One table is located in front of the pupils and the other one is located near the door. The two tables are covered with plastic and are nice and attractive. 3. Learners Desks There are 16 learners desks. It is grouped in 4 rows with 4 desks in each row composed of 2 students per desk. It is in good condition and are arranged well. 4. Blackboard There are 2 big blackboards being used located in front of the pupils. It is lightly clean because there are some chalk mess. 5. Learning Materials or Visual Aids There are many learning materials or visual diseased such as books,charts and etc. Some are in good condition while others are not. It is properly placed. 6 . Comfort Room There is only one CRY , located on the right side of the room at the back side corner. It is clean and theres enough water. 7. Mini-Library It is located on the left side of the room. It has lots of books are properly arranged. Others are in good condition while others are not.